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Equivalent Fractions
Students need to know that six-eighths is equivalent to three-fourths and that four-twelfths is equivalent to one-third. While they can calculate these, it is very helpful to know the most common equivalent fractions by memory. One of the most common problems students have in fractions is not “reducing their answers to simplest form.”
Here’s a 5 minute Educreations lessons on How the Equivalent Fractions program works.
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Equivalent fractions will help students commit 100 common equivalent fractions to memory. Each set (A through Z) has four fractions which are displayed on a fraction number line. Students frequently learn fractions equivalent to one,such as ten-tenths, as well as fractions that can’t be reduced, for example three-fourths is equivalent to three-fourths. Using the fraction number line will help with student understanding of why those fractions are equivalent.
Click here for the full sequence of 100 Equivalent fractions that students will learn in this program.
Equivalent fractions, Factors, and Integers, are all pre-algebra programs that are appropriate for middle school students who already know the basic facts.
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These are the rest of the Addition facts that the Common Core suggests that students be able to compute mentally such as 11 + 7, 4 + 13, and 16 + 3. These obviously build on the basic single digit facts such as 1 + 7, 4 + 3, and 6 + 3. Students should find these fairly easy to master but they still need some practice to commit them to memory. LOOK OUT! Because all the answers are two digits, the number of problems students can be expected to answer will go down! You must give the special Add to 20 Writing Speed Test to set new lower goals for your students. To the left you can see the sequence of facts that will be learned in the Add to 20 program. Otherwise the program is exactly the same as the basic Addition Rocket Math program and uses the same forms–that can be found in the forms and information drawer.
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Addition—Learning Computation
After becoming fluent with addition facts the best way for students to retain the knowledge of those facts is by doing addition computation. If students have not been taught addition computation, this program breaks it down into small, easy-to-learn steps that are numbered in a teaching sequence that leaves nothing to chance.
Note that the number for each skill gives the grade level as well as indicating the teaching sequence. Skill 2a is a 2nd grade skill and after skill 2f is learned the next in the sequence is skill 3a. The sequence of skills is drawn from M. Stein, D. Kinder, J. Silbert, and D. W. Carnine, (2006) Designing Effective Mathematics Instruction: A Direct Instruction Approach (4th Edition) Pearson Education: Columbus, OH.
(1b) Adding 1-, or 2-digit numbers; no renaming
(2a) Adding three single-digit numbers
(2b-c) Adding 3-digit numbers; no renaming
(2c) Adding 3-digits to 1 or more digits; no renaming
(2d) Adding three 1- or 2-digit numbers; no renaming
(2e) Adding two 2-digit numbers, renaming 1s to 10s
(2f) Adding 3-digit numbers, renaming 1s to 10s
(3a) Adding a 1-digit number to a teen number, under 20
(3b) Adding two 2- or 3-digit numbers; renaming 10s to 100s
(3c) Adding 3-digit numbers; renaming twice
(3d) Adding three 2-digit numbers; renaming sums under 20
(3e) Adding four multi-digit numbers; renaming, sums under 20
(4a) Adding a 1-digit number to a teen number, over 20
(4b) Adding three 2-digit numbers, sums over 20
(4c) Adding four or five multi-digit numbers, sums over 20
For each skill there is a suggested Teaching Script giving the teacher/tutor/parent consistent (across all the skills we use the same explanation) language of instruction on how to do the skill. The script helps walk the student through the computation process. For the teacher, in addition to the script, there are answer keys for the five worksheets provided for each skill.
Each worksheet is composed of two parts. The top has examples of the skill being learned that can be worked by following the script. After working through those examples with the teacher the student is then asked to work some review problems of addition problems that are already known. The student is asked to do as many as possible in 3 minutes—a kind of sprint. If all is well the student should be able to do all the problems or nearly all of them, but finishing is not required. Three minutes of review is sufficient for one day.
There are five worksheets for each skill. Gradually as the student learns the skill the teacher/tutor/parent can provide progressively less help and the student should be able to do the problems without any guidance by the end of the five worksheets. There are suggestions for how to give less help in the teaching scripts.
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Be ready to start right away. Here is all you need to organize a Tournament set of 15 Race for the Stars games. Game boards and their matching pieces store easily in the seven hanging file folders with labels for the color-coded levels of the game and directions.
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